Radix/Rhizoma Notoginseng extract (Sanchitongtshu) for ischemic stroke: A randomized controlled study

Agents of sanchi have been widely used as a complementary medicine for stroke in China. Sanchitongshu is a new Chinese patent medicine extracted from sanchi which has stronger anti-platelet activity than other agents of sanchi. Our aim was to investigate the synergistic action of low dose of aspirin combined with sanchitongshu capsule in the treatment of patients with light and moderate ischemic stroke in acute and subacute stages.This was a multi-center, double-blinded, randomized controlled clinical trial conducted in four hospitals in China from July 2004 to 2006. 140 patients of ischemic stroke in anterior cerebral circulation within 30 days of onset were enrolled. Participants were assigned either to receive aspirin (50 mg per day) and sanchitongshu capsule (200 mg three times a day) or aspirin (50 mg per day) and placebo capsule.Low dose of aspirin combined with sanchitongshu capsule significantly ameliorated neurological deficit (increased score of ESS: t = −5.02, p < 0.0001) and activities of daily living (increased score of BI: t = −2.4, p = 0.0178) after treatment compared with aspirin alone. Adverse reaction which occurred equally in both arms, was light to moderate and disappeared without special treatment.Sanchitongshu capsule, as a complementary medicine to aspirin, was effective in improving outcomes after ischemic stroke. It was a safe drug in our trial.     

川乌植物内生真菌抗菌活性的研究

从川乌（Radix aconiti）植物的根和茎中分离获得内生真菌61株,经显微形态观察进行内生真菌的分类鉴定,同时采用纸片法进行抗菌活性筛选。结果有29株内生真菌显示抗菌活性,占菌株数的47．54％;毛壳菌属是抗菌活性菌株的优势种属;活性高且抗菌谱广的菌株有3株,主要分布在毛壳菌属和束丝菌属。结果表明：川乌植物内生真菌中广泛分布着有抗菌活性的菌株。     

太子参内生细菌RPB-32的分类鉴定及其代谢物对小鼠肠道微生物群落的影响

【背景】肠道微生物在宿主肠道微环境稳态中起着至关重要的作用。众多因子,如抗生素、饮食和年龄等会干扰这种微平衡,引起菌群平衡发生改变,进而影响到机体健康状况。太子参具有心肌保护、增加免疫、抗氧化、抗糖尿病、抗应激、抗疲劳等药理活性,而太子参内生菌代谢物对肠道微生物的调控作用以及可能对机体健康的影响目前还未见报道。【目的】研究太子参内生菌RPB-32分类地位及其代谢提取物对小鼠肠道微生物的调节作用,以探讨其对机体健康的影响。【方法】对RPB-32进行传统方法和分子鉴定。将120只KM小鼠随机分为溶剂对照组(3%乙醇)及石油醚提取物、正丁醇提取物和乙酸乙酯提取物低、中、高剂量组(n=12)。小鼠灌胃处理14 d后采集粪便,通过选择性培养基培养及宏基因组测序[溶剂对照(S.F.1为3%乙醇溶液)、乙酸乙酯提取物高剂量组(S.F.2)]检测灌胃前后小鼠肠道微生物的变化。【结果】常规传统方法与分子鉴定结果表明RPB-32为芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.)。与空白对照组相比,给予内生菌代谢提取物的乙酸乙酯中剂量组、乙酸乙酯高剂量组、正丁醇低剂量组、正丁醇中剂量组及正丁醇高剂量组乳酸菌数量明显增加,正丁醇中剂量组的肠球菌和正丁醇高剂量组的肠杆菌数量明显减少。S.F.2与S.F.1基于门、属和种水平上的微生物群落结构相比表明:S.F.2的拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)数量明显增加,而厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)数量明显减少;S.F.2的Bacteroides、Prevotella、Parabacteroides、Akkermansia、Helicobacter、Butyricimonas、Alistipes、Ruminococcus、Muribaculum、Barnesiella、Odoribacter、Azospirillum、Mucispirillum和Lactobacillus数量明显增多,Rikenella、Angelakisella、Clostridium、Oscillibacter、Pseudoflavonifractor、Flavonifractor、Mailhella、Desulfovibrio、Faecalibacterium、Eubacterium、Lachnoclostridium、Hungatella、Butyrivibrio、Blautia、Dorea、Ruminiclostridium、Roseburia、Anaerotruncus和Butyricicoccus等数量减少;S.F.2的Bacteroides sartorii、Bacteroides caecimuris、Bacteroides uniformis、Parabacteroides chinchillae、Parabacteroides glodsteinii、Helicobacter bilis、Bacteroides fragilis、Bacteroides vulgatus、Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron和Butyricimonas virosa等数量明显增多,Faecalibacterium prausnitzii、Rikenella microfusus、Flavonifractor plautii、Mailhella massiliensis和Clostridium clostridioforme等数量减少。【结论】初步判断太子参内生芽孢杆菌RPB-32代谢物(BM)对肠道微生物组成有明显影响,可能对机体糖脂降解、抗感染和抗炎等方面有改善作用。     

黄芩配伍川贝母后黄芩中主要化学成分含量变化及抗肺炎作用研究

本文旨在探究黄芩川贝母不同比例配伍后对黄芩中主要化学成分含量影响及等比配伍后抗肺炎作用。将黄芩川贝母按3∶0、3∶1、3∶2、3∶3、2∶3、1∶3、0∶3比例配伍后,水提取,高效液相色谱法测定黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷、黄芩素、汉黄芩素含量。选择健康ICR小鼠36只,随机分为6组,分别为空白组、LPS组、阳性药组、黄芩组、川贝母组、黄芩-川贝母组,每组6只,连续给药6天;第7天,实验组腹腔注射LPS 10 mg/kg,空白组注射等体积的生理盐水,LPS造模6 h,检测各组小鼠血清中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平,光镜下观察各组小鼠肺组织病理变化。结果发现黄芩川贝母配伍比例在3∶1、3∶2、3∶3、2∶3时,黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷、黄芩素、汉黄芩素总含量变化小于6%,当配伍比例达到1∶3时,四种化学成分的总量下降了23.7%。黄芩川贝母等比配伍后可显著降低小鼠血清中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α含量、改善肺组织病理形态,其治疗效果优于单药组。黄芩川贝母配伍比例控制在3∶1~2∶3为宜,且二者在抗肺炎中具有协同作用。     

灵芝转化苦参水提物的3个新生成分体外抗乙型肝炎病毒作用

先在基础培养基中添加苦参水煎汁,然后培养灵芝,得到灵芝培养液,再按乙醇氯仿-5%碳酸氢钠溶液-氯仿的顺序提取培养液中的有机酸成分,用制备高效液相色谱分离,得到6个新组分,用这些组分分别作用于转染了乙型肝炎病毒DNA的2.2.15细胞,用固相放射免疫法测定细胞培养上清液中的乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)和e抗原(HBeAg)的含量,用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法测定细胞的存活率。结果表明,其中的3个组分对2.2.15细胞分泌HBsAg和HBeAg有抑制作用,提示可能具有抗乙肝病毒的作用。     

响应面法优化超声辅助提取太子参多糖工艺研究

本文探讨超声波作用下太子参多糖提取的最佳工艺条件。在单因素试验基础上,采用响应面法对太子参多糖提取工艺参数进行优化研究。响应面试验表明提取温度、提取时间和水料比对响应值多糖提取得率均有显著影响,优化得到太子参多糖超声提取最佳工艺条件为:提取温度为74℃;提取时间为65 min;水料比为26 mL/g;超声波功率100 W。在此条件下太子参多糖的提取得率为2.48%,与模型预测值非常接近。     

Protection of PC12 cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity by salvianolic acid B, a new compound isolated from Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae

A number of studies indicate that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The neuroprotective effects of salvianolic acid B (SalB) from Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae (RSM) against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced rat pheochromocytoma line PC12 injury were evaluated in the present study. Vitamin E, a potent antioxidant, was employed as a positive control agent. Following exposure of cells to H2O2 (150 microM), a marked decrease in cell survival and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), as well as increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) production and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release were observed. In parallel, H2O2 caused significant elevation in intracellular Ca2+ level and caspase-3 activity, and induced apoptotic death as determined by flow cytometric assay. However, pretreatment of the cells with SalB (0.1-10 microM) prior to H2O2 exposure blocked these H2O2-induced cellular events noticeably. Moreover, SalB exhibited significantly higher potency as compared to Vitamin E. The present findings indicated that SalB exerts neuroprotective effects against H2O2 toxicity, which might be of importance and contribute to its clinical efficacy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.